Kalanchoe pinnata (also called cathedral bells, air plant, or miracle leaf) is a succulent perennial native to Madagascar and tropical regions. It grows upright stems with fleshy, scalloped leaves that can produce plantlets along the margins. In favorable conditions it sends up clusters of tubular or bell-shaped flowers in shades of pink, red, orange, or yellow.

Light

Bright light to full sun. Prefers several hours of direct morning or late afternoon sun. Tolerates bright indirect light indoors but will bloom and grow more compact with stronger light.

Temperature

Ideal: 60–85°F (15–29°C). Protect from temperatures below 50°F (10°C). Avoid cold drafts.

Watering

Water thoroughly, then allow the top 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) of soil to dry before watering again. Drought-tolerant.

Soil & Potting

Use a well-draining succulent/cactus mix or amend potting soil with perlite or coarse sand. A pot with drainage holes is essential. Repot every 2–3 years or when root-bound.

Fertilizer

Feed with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the spring and summer growing season. No feeding (or minimal) in fall and winter.

Pruning & Propagation

Prune leggy growth and spent flower stalks to encourage bushiness. Propagates very easily from leaf or stem cuttings—allow cut ends to callus for a day or two, then root in well-draining mix or water.

Blooming

Provide bright light and a rest period of slightly cooler, drier conditions in late fall to encourage flower formation. Flowers appear on mature, well-lit plants.

Toxicity

Considered toxic if ingested to pets and humans (can affect heart function). Keep out of reach of children and pets.